Sant nok fyller Kjersti 70 år, men ...
The structure of [A NOK] disjuncts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15845/bells.v13i1.3709Keywords:
adjective, adverb, disjunct, Norwegian, sentence adverbialAbstract
Norwegian has a productive class of sentence adverbials, disjuncts of the form adjective + nok ‒ [A nok] for short. Examples include sant nok ‘true (enough)’, paradoksalt nok ‘paradoxically (enough)’, and tåpelig nok ‘foolishly (enough)’. Three structural analyses have been proposed for such constructions in the Scandinavian languages. The first has [A nok] as an adjective phrase, with an adjective head and nok as a modifier, i.e. two words. In the second and third proposal, [A nok] is considered to be one word, viz. an adverb. The proposals differ with respect to word formation type. One considers [A nok] expressions to be compounds, which implies that nok is seen as an adverbial root. The other considers them to be derivatives, with an adverbial suffix -nok. This article studies the grammatical and phonological properties of [A nok] disjuncts in order to determine what kind of constructions they represent. It is argued that they are not single words, but phrases, viz. adverb phrases. nok is an adverbial head taking an adjectival complement.
References
Brinton, L. J., and E. C. Traugott. 2005. Lexicalization and language change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Faarlund, J. T., S. Lie, and K. I. Vannebo. 1997. Norsk referansegrammatikk. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Fjeld, R. V., A. Nøklestad, and K. Hagen. 2020. Leksikografisk bokmålskorpus (LBK) ‒ bakgrunn og bruk. In Leksikografi og korpus. En hyllest til Ruth Vatvedt Fjeld, ed. Janne Bondi Johannessen and Kristin Hagen, 47‒59. (Oslo Studies in Language 11).
Hansen, E., and L. Heltoft. 2011. Grammatik over det danske sprog. Copenhagen: Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab.
Heggelund, K. T. 1981. Setningsadverbial i norsk. Oslo: Novus.
Kinn, T. 2005. Ord på -vis i moderne norsk: samansetningar, avleiingar – og bøyingsformer? Maal og Minne 97: 45–78.
Kinn, T. 2023. Interessant nok: ein produktiv setningsadverbialkonstruksjon. Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift 41: 119–145.
Kinn, T. Accepted a. Strangely enough: The rise of a sentence adverbial construction. Maal og Minne.
Kinn, T. Accepted b. The development of heterosemous inflection and derivation: Norwegian abundance plurals and distributive adjectives. Constructions and Frames.
Malmgren, S.-G. 2002. Faktiskt, förstås och många andra. Om förändringar i det svenska formordssystemet under 1800- og 1900-talet. Språk och stil 12: 97−146.
Malmgren, S.-G. 2014. Konstigt nog, klokt nog … Om en ganska ny typ av satsadverb i svenskan och andra språk. In Fint språk / Good Language. Festskrift till Lars-Gunnar Andersson, 109‒116. Gothenburg: Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för svenska språket. (Meijerbergs arkiv för svensk ordforskning 41).
Malmgren, S.-G. 2020. Underligt nog/klokt nog – en ganska ny typ av satsadverb i svenska och norska. In Leksikografi og korpus. En hyllest til Ruth Vatvedt Fjeld, ed. Janne Bondi Johannessen and Kristin Hagen, 77‒85. (Oslo Studies in Language 11.)
Ramat, P., and D. Ricca. 1998. Sentence adverbs in the languages of Europe. In Adverbial constructions in the languages of Europe, ed. Johan van der Auwera, 187‒275. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Teleman, U., S. Hellberg, and E. Andersson. 1999. Svenska Akademiens grammatik. Stockholm: Svenska Akademien.
Tiisala, S. 1990. Naturligtvis – från ord till suffix. Svenskans beskrivning 17: 357–366.
Traugott, E. C., and R. B. Dasher. Regularity in semantic change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2023-08-21 (2)
- 2023-08-21 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Torodd Kinn
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.