How and where Heritage Swedish was acquired and learned in Kansas: Education, ideologies, and heritage language anchors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15845/bells.v15i1.4552Abstract
This study traces the learning opportunities children and young people had for learning Swedish in a heritage community in Kansas, 1870 to 1974. Reasons for knowing Heritage Swedish varied across this time-period, as analyses of historical materials, written and spoken, show. Despite the different reasons—among them, being able to speak with family members and neighbors, becoming a member in the Swedish Lutheran immigrant church, competing in oratorical contests, gaining employment in certain professions, and later, knowing elementary Swedish grammar—the educational opportunities were made possible by heritage language anchors who helped counteract verticalizing forces from elsewhere.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Bethany College. 1881–. Academic Catalogue 1892–1893. The Daisy yearbooks, 1907–1946. Bethany Lutheran Church. 1869–. Church records. Lindsborg, Kansas.
Hoffman, Angela. Oral history recordings 1990s. Lindsborg, Kansas. Lindsborg High [Rural] School. The Viking yearbooks, 1964–1974.
The Swedish language in America, sound recordings 1962–1966. Project director Professor Folke Hedblom. Institutet för språk och folkminnen, Dialekt- och folkminnesarkivet i Uppsala.
Smoky Valley Historical Association. Oral history project, 1980s. Director Professor Elston Flohr. Lindsborg, Kansas.
The Augustana Book Concern. A selection of publications since 1860.
The Engberg-Holmberg Publishing Company. A selection of publications since 1860.
Bergin, Alfred. 1919. Lindsborg efter femtio år. Bidrag till vår lutherska kyrkas och svenskarnas historia i Kansas och sydvästern. Rock Island, IL: Augustana Book Concerns Tryckeri och Bokbinderi.
Brown, Joshua R. & Joseph Salmons. 2022. A verticalization theory of language shift. In Joshua R. Brown (ed.), The verticalization model of language shift: The great change in American communities. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864639.003.0001
Chambers, J. K. 2009. Sociolinguistic theory: Linguistic variation and its social significance. rev. ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hasselmo, Nils. 1974. Amerikasvenska. En bok om språkutvecklingen i Svensk-Amerika. Stockholm: Esselte Studium.
Horner, Kristine & Andrew F. Bradley. 2019. Language ideology. In Jeroen Darquennes, Joseph C. Salmons & Wim Vandenbussche (eds.), Language contact: An international handbook. Volume 1. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter ebooks. 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110435351-025
Johnson, Mirva. 2022. Politics and cooperatives: Verticalization in rural Finnish-American communities of the Upper Midwest. In Joshua R. Brown (ed.), The verticalization model of language shift: The great change in American communities. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864639.003.0002
Kroskrity, Paul V. 2000. Regimenting languages: Language ideological perspectives. In Paul V. Kroskrity (ed.), Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities and identities. Santa Fe, NM & Oxford: School of American Research Press. 1–34.
Lindquist, Emory. 1953. Smoky Valley people. A history of Lindsborg, Kansas. Rock Island, IL: Augustana Historical Society Publications.
Lindquist, Emory. 1975. Bethany in Kansas. Lindsborg, KS: Bethany College. Milroy, Lesley. 1987. Language and social networks. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell. NE. Nationalencyklopedin. 2023. folkskola. <http://www-ne-se.ezproxy.its.uu.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/enkel/folkskola> accessed 15 June 2024. Nelson, Helge. 1943. The Swedes and the Swedish settlements in North America. Volume 1: Text. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup.
Warren, Roland. 1978. The community in America, 3rd ed. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing.
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2025 Angela Hoffman
TQuesto lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale.
